Inisiatif Berbicara pada Perspektif Bystander Bullying dalam Pendidikan The Speaking Up Initiative from the Perspective of Bystander Bullying in Education

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Bullying telah menjadi fenomena yang berjalan sistematis dan keberlangsungannya bergantung pada peran saksi atau bystander. Intervensi melalui teknik sosiodrama dianggap kurang spesifik dalam mengajarkan keterampilan perilaku baru. Sebagai alternatif, variabel inisiatif berbicara menawarkan kerangka kerja yang lebih operasional bagi saksi untuk melakukan tindakan defensif, konfrontatif dan pelaporan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah variabel inisiatif bicara dari aspek kerangka konseptual, teori pendukung, instrumen pengukuran hingga efektifitas studi terdahulu dalam konteks bullying. 

Metode: Kajian ini menggunakan metode tinjauan literatur sistematis pada artikel jurnal rentang tahun 2022-2026. Pencarian literatur melalui database Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, dan SINTA dengan menggunakan kata kunci spesifik seperti bystander, speak up initiative, student voice, speaking up.

Hasil: Temuan menunjukkan bahwa speak up initiative merupakan manifestasi proaktif yang lebih berorientasi pada perubahan sistemik dibandingkan perilaku asertif yang cenderung reaktif. Terdapat lima instrumen utama yang diidentifikasi, yaitu SBBS, BTS, HCW-SUB, SUPS, dan PMCQ, yang mengukur dimensi keberanian moral hingga perilaku pembela. 

Simpulan: Speak up initiative merupakan pendekatan strategis bagi remaja untuk bertransformasi dari bystander pasif menjadi upstander aktif melalui tindakan pembelaan, konfrontasi, dan pelaporan. Efektivitas inisiatif ini sangat bergantung pada dukungan lingkungan sekolah, jaminan anonimitas pelaporan, serta respons cepat otoritas untuk mengatasi norma "diam" di lingkungan pendidikan.

Another Language Abstract

Introduction: Bullying has become a systematic phenomenon, and its continuation depends on the role of witnesses or bystanders. Intervention through sociodrama techniques is considered insufficiently specific in teaching new behavioral skills. As an alternative, the variable of speaking up offers a more operational framework for witnesses to take defensive, confrontational, and reporting actions. This study aims to examine the speak up initiative variable from the aspects of conceptual framework, supporting theories, measurement instruments, and the effectiveness of previous studies in the context of bullying.

Method: This study uses a systematic literature review method on journal articles published between 2022 and 2026. A literature search was conducted using the Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and SINTA databases with specific keywords such as bystander, speak-up initiative, student voice, and speaking up.

Results: The findings show that the speak up initiative is a proactive manifestation that is more oriented towards systemic change than assertive behavior, which tends to be reactive. There are five main instruments identified, namely SBBS, BTS, HCW-SUB, SUPS, and PMCQ, which measure the dimensions of moral courage to defensive behavior. 

Conclusion: The speak up initiative is a strategic approach for adolescents to transform from passive bystanders into active upstanders through advocacy, confrontation, and reporting. The effectiveness of this initiative is highly dependent on the support of the school environment, the guarantee of anonymity in reporting, and the rapid response of authorities to address the norm of "silence" in the educational environment.

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